Social Breaching Exercise free essay sample

People sometimes assume what might not be real. I took my daughter age 3, my niece age 4, and my cousin’s daughter age 6 to the mall by myself. My own reaction was â€Å"would I be able to handle this kids by myself at a public place. † We left and as soon as I started walking through the mall the first reaction was everyone looking at me as if I was weird or I had something on my face, my kids were asking to go to the Disney Store nothing much, no screaming or doing nothing out of the ordinary, I had asked myself why everywhere I went they will just turn and look at the kids and then at me. I had figure that maybe it was because I was alone with three small kids, until I overheard someone say â€Å"so young and with three kids† I couldn’t believe what their reaction was for me having three kids. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Breaching Exercise or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is unbelievable how people will just assume that they were all mine. Lawrence is my home town, unfortunately is very common for young girls to have kids at a young age, and is more like a Stigma everyone in this area will always assume that if you are taking care of a child or have a baby in your arms will automatically think that you are the mom of that child. By looking at this people I realized and for a moment felt out of place, but I changed my thoughts by just saying to my self â€Å"I’m married and have my precious daughter who is only 2 and I’m only 26, good for my age† It seams to me that even me knowing this from the start their reaction made me question myself for a few seconds, and at the same time I was able to see with my own eyes how they look at this girls who really have multiple kids at a young age and how they might feel. In conclusion our everyday life is so much different, people make it different, it is a shame that people will go these limits of making you feel out of place. This is not much more of trying to hide the truth, but all girls in general don’t have to feel ashamed of what had happened and people doesn’t make it much easer either. I’m sure that these girls have their on dilemmas to work on imagine going out and dealing with people too. I would have to say that I wanted to say something to that person, but I held back since it was just and experiment, but imagine if it was true, I had in my head the stigma of having a child young more so multiples. These people actions of stigmatisms seem to provide these people with joyless pleasure and a temporary sense of superiority and it blinds them to the reality that is humanity.

Definition and Examples of Back-Formation

Definition and Examples of Back-Formation In linguistics, back-formation is the process of forming a new word (a neologism) by removing actual or supposed affixes from another word. Put simply, a back-formation is a shortened word (such as edit) created from a longer word (editor). Verb: back-form (which is itself a back-formation). Also called  back-derivation. The term back-formation was coined by Scottish lexicographer James Murray, the primary editor of the Oxford English Dictionary from 1879 until 1915. As Huddleston and Pullum have noted, There is nothing in the forms themselves that enables one to distinguish between affixation and back-formation: its a matter of historical formation of words rather than of their structure (A Students Introduction To English Grammar, 2005). Pronunciation: BAK for-MAY-shun Examples and Observations singular noun pea from the older English plural peasethe verb burgle from the older English noun burglarthe verb diagnose from the older English noun diagnosis He spoke with a certain what-is-it in his voice, and I could see that, if not actually disgruntled, he was far from being gruntled, so I tactfully changed the subject. (P.G. Wodehouse, The Code of the Woosters, 1938) Here I was maybe forty minutes ago, sort of claustrophobed in the gap between the kickass movie world where Lila dumps the guy with the smarmy mustache and the obvious one where it just keeps getting later.(Daniel Handler, Adverbs. Ecco, 2006) Stripping the in- from inchoate is known as back-formation, the same process that has given us words like peeve (from peevish), surveil (from surveillance) and enthuse (from enthusiasm). There’s a long linguistic tradition of removing parts of words that look like prefixes and suffixes to come up with roots that weren’t there to begin with. (Ben Zimmer, Choate. The New York Times, January 3, 2010) Suffix Snipping Alan Prince studied a girl who . . . was delighted by her discovery that eats and cats were really eat -s and cat -s. She used her new suffix snipper to derive mik (mix), upstair, downstair, clo (clothes), len (lens), brefek (from brefeks, her word for breakfast), trappy (trapeze), even Santa Claw. Another child, overhearing his mother say they had booze in the house, asked what a boo was. One seven-year-old said of a sports match, I dont care who theyre going to verse, from expressions like the Red Sox versus the Yankees. (Steven Pinker, Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language. HarperCollins, 1999) In many cases of back-formation a presumed affix is removed which is in fact not truly an affix, as in the following words where the -or, -ar, and -er are not the agentive suffix, but part of the root: orator - -er orate, lecher -er lech, peddler -er peddle, escalator -er escalate, editor -er edit, swindle -er swindle, sculptor -er sculpt, hawker -er hawk. These mistakes are called back-formations. Note that some of them are colloquial or marginal, while others are fully accepted. (Laurel J. Brinton, The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction. John Benjamins, 2000) Back-Formation in Middle English [T]he weakening of the flexional endings during the early Middle English period, which made possible the derivation from verbs of a multitude of nouns, and vice-versa, was also as essential to the rise of and development of back-formation. (Esko V. Pennanen, Contributions to the Study of Back-Formation in English, 1966) Back-Formation in Contemporary English Back formation continues to make a few contributions to the language. Television has given televise on the model of revise/revision, and donation has given donate on the model of relate/relation. Babysitter and stage manager have given babysit and stage manage for obvious reasons. More remote was the surprising lase from laser (the latter an acronym for lightwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation), recorded from 1966. (W.F. Bolton, A Living Language: The History and Structure of English. Random House, 1982) Filling a Void Backformations are more likely to occur with very strongly entrenched patterns and they have the effect of filling an apparent void. The process has given us common verbs such as afflict (from affliction), enthuse (from enthusiasm), laze (from lazy), liaise from liaison), aggress (from aggression), televise (from television), housekeep (from housekeeper), jell (from jelly), and many more. (Kate Burridge, Gift of the Gob: Morsels of English Language History. HarperCollins Australia, 2011) Usage [B]ack-formations are objectionable when they are merely needless variations of already existing verbs: back-formed verb - ordinary verb*administrate - administer*cohabitate - cohabit*delimitate - delimit*interpretate - interpret*orientate - orient*registrate - register*remediate - remedy*revolute - revolt*solicitate-solicit Many back-formations never gain real legitimacy (e.g.,  *elocute, *enthuse), some are aborted early in their existence (e.g., *ebullit, *evolute),  and still others are of questionable vigor (e.g., aggress, attrit, effulge, evanesce, frivol). . . . Still, many examples have survived respectably. (Bryan Garner,  Garners Modern American Usage, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2009)

Words to Describe Fearful Recoil

Words to Describe Fearful Recoil Words to Describe Fearful Recoil Words to Describe Fearful Recoil By Maeve Maddox Writers are constantly reminded Show, dont tell! One way to be more descriptive in our writing is to use verbs that convey movement. Here are some words that describe movement prompted by fear, cowardice, or pain. flinch [flÄ ­nch] to draw away in anticipation of pain. The prisoner flinched when the guard raised the whip. The nobleman did not flinch as he mounted the steps to the guillotine. The soldier marched unflinchingly through the hail of arrows. shrink [shrÄ ­ngk] to draw back as if trying to make ones body smaller. One might shrink into the shadows in an attempt to become invisible. Figuratively it has the sense of avoiding danger, often used with a negative: He did not shrink from battle. By the way, the principal parts of this verb are shrink, shrank, (have) shrunk. wince [wÄ ­ns] One might wince from pain, real or anticipated. The patient winced as the dentist probed the painful molar. She winced when he called her fat. Flinch, shrink, and wince all derive from words meaning bend, turn, or turn aside blench [blÄ•nch] I used to think blench included the idea of turning pale along with recoiling. However, it is not related to blanch. It just means move suddenly, wince, or dodge. cower [kouÉ™r] Although the word looks as though it might have a connection with coward, it probably comes from a German word meaning to lie in wait. In current usage it conveys a cowardly or fearful movement. The sailor cowered under the lash. The frightened puppy cowered under the porch. cringe [krÄ ­nj] In Old English the word could mean to fall dead in battle. Now it has the less final meaning of to draw back or move in a fearful manner. The servant had a cringing manner, as if moving in constant fear of being struck. The nurse cringed as the demanding patient rang the bell for the twentieth time in ten minutes. grovel [grÃ… vÉ™l, grÃ… ­v-] This is a word to use when the action takes place close to the ground. It conveys the sense of demonstrating servility by dropping onto ones knees, or even going face down. Figuratively it can be used of people too eager to please. Deprived of his weapon, the enemy grovelled in the dirt, pleading for his life. quail [kwÄ l] Although spelled the same as the name of the game bird, the verb to quail, to lose courage, to shrink, is not related. Its origin is uncertain. Words meaning to be ill, to die, and to curdle have been suggested. In current usage, quail means to draw away in fear or weakness. He quailed at the prospect of climbing the mountain a second time. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive AtAmong vs. AmongstList of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings

Product Design and Development Management [Brand creation and Essay

Product Design and Development Management [Brand creation and development] - Essay Example Karl Speak even argues that marketplace position and intimate relationships are today valued above profitability. The present â€Å"information age† has turned consumer culture development and brand relationships as the new â€Å"best practice† in business (49). What makes branding an important marketing tool, is that â€Å"the brand image is enduring in the minds of the customer† (Montague 17). Branding is a powerful instrument to counteract market negative pressures, because branding makes companies, products and services visible and distinct; it prolongs products life cycles, and allows companies to sustain costs and prices to levels that are less dependent on competition. Developing a strong brand identity that is consistent with corporate strategy is therefore the recipe for long-term success. Brand identity refers to the degree a product has achieved a distinct image in the eyes of consumers and the general public (Schmitt et al 83). â€Å"It’s corporate strategy made visible.† (Peters 11). Brand identity is closely related to customer impressions, meaning the image a product or a company actually has, as opposed to product or corporate expressions, meaning the image that is desired (Schmitt et al 84). Often companies produce positioning statements that describe how the brands should be positioned in the minds of customers. These statements are the backbone for branding strategies that attempt to minimize the gap between desired brand image and actual identity. Brands make promises for unique product experience. Delivery of those promises is therefore crucial for creating lasting impressions and loyal customers. The brand management profession commands a range of tools for successful brand development. These are graphic standards, conformity to corporate identity, marketing communications sending consistent brand

Hypotheses and evidence (SPSS) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hypotheses and evidence (SPSS) - Assignment Example Most of the values (40%) were concentrated above the mode, which despite some other variables showing normal distributions, advised my use of non-parametric tests on the data. The sample comprised 30 participants, 56.7% being male and 43.3% females. 20% were engaged, 13.3% were married, and 3.3% were single. The majority, 63.3%, did not indicate to belong to any of these three categories. Most participants were college graduates (63.3%), 20% high school graduates, and 16.7% had attained post-graduate levels. 40% earned between $50001 and $75000, 20% between $25000 and $50000 and also $100000 and above, 13.3% between 75001 and $100000, and 6.7% below $25000. I sought to establish whether alcoholic drinks are popular with the participants, who are generally assumed to represent the parent population they have been drawn from. From the sampled population, 60% were consumers of hard drinks, which include vodka, whiskies (where scotch falls), and brandy among other drinks. Out of this population, 56.7% consumed wine, and 43.3% consumed mixed alcoholic drinks. The entire sample confessed to using other types of alcoholic drinks. Classified under this criterion, 3.3% consumed â€Å"Hard Lemonade† while the remaining 96.7% consumed â€Å"Long Island Tea†. The percentages for all four categories indicate high consumption rates of alcoholic drinks, with every participant indicating they consume them. I performed a Chi-square test to establish whether individuals reported to drink more or less at the time of the survey. 30.0% of the respondents reported to drinking more, with a similar ratio drinking less. 40% drank the same amounts of alcohol. The test showed that the proportion of those who drank more was not significantly different from those who drank less, and those who maintained equal drinking volumes (χ2 = 0.60, p = 0.741). I further performed a Chi-square test to establish whether more consumers of alcoholic drinks took their drinks over the

Mental impairment Essay Example for Free

Mental impairment Essay The law of not guilty due to mental impairment in Victoria, Australia was started as a simple experiment in the mid nineteen nineties as a result of the a case that involved victims that were released from prison on the account of not being guilty on the ground of mental impairment which was initially known as insanity (Patelis, 1996). Such a decision was always made by the Governor after consulting with the cabinet on the way forward. Afterwards, it was shifted to the courts that were concerned with sentencing. The victims who had initially been the favorites of the politicians and the Governors for that matter ended up waiting for long periods of time for their cases to be determined by the courts immediately after this change was effected (Patelis, 1996). This change in the legislation was to mean that the people who were to be released on the grounds of not guilty by reason of mental impairment had to be detained in the precincts of the court for at least a period of time for the purpose of their own security and the security of the community at large. This was part of implementing the obligations that were recognized internationally on the principles of protecting the insane people and also those who had mental problems. The law had been interpreted by the seventy supreme courts in Victoria by the year two thousand and four. To date, this body of law constitutes one of the very vital organs in the mental health section. Factors that cause differences in opinion toward Mental impairment defense. In Victoria and other parts of the world, there are factors that cause people to react negatively towards defenses based on the ground of insanity or mental impairment (Feusch, 1980). This is an issue that is one of the mostly contested about and has ended up generating a lot of debates among many people including those who support the ideas and those who are against the ideas. Many view it with very strong opposition and cannot see the reason why someone should be released or acquitted by the courts on grounds of mental disorders. Such releases have really led to a lot of heat and therefore mistrust towards the said defense and resulted to general bias of the defense (Feusch, 1980). Some states have been forced to go ahead and abolish this kind of defense by the increasing number of outcries from the public. An example is the release of a victim in the United states of America after he attempted to assassinate the then president in the year nineteen eighty one. The president was Reagan Ronald. A lot of changes and shifts in the law about insanity defense came soon after this attempted assassination with many of them concentrating on the not positive public outcry. These negative views and opinions are not only found in the U. S but cut across many mixed cultures (Menzy, 2002, pp. 379). Many of the attitudes facing the defense on insanity can be termed as genuine but one wonders, for how long? The media has also played a role that is looked at as being negative and has led to negative opinions and stigmatization among people on the misuse and abuse of the defense on insanity. Jurors have also been affected by these allegations. Most of them would go to court with minds that are already influenced by the media or by the mare perception of insanity thus ending up passing verdicts that are uninformed and misplaced. There are two main concerns that show case as to why the public has different views on the insanity defense cases (Menzy, 2002, pp. 82). Albeit the misperceptions exist, one would argue that they are uninformed. The first highlight is that, the people look at the defense on insanity grounds as a mare scape goat by which victims of crime can avoid court prosecution and hence punishment. Such beliefs oftenly make the public feel that the criminals evade their rightful justice and yet they have committed crimes. The other reason is that, lack of accurate and correct information about such cases of insanity lead to criticism and negative reaction by the public. The truth is that even if the jurors and the judges are given the right number of cases that involved mental illness, they end up exaggerating the figures by making them look as if they were too many thus inciting the public to have conflicting reaction on the same (Jons, 1999). Such ideas that are misinformed could lead to general bias that influence the decision concerning the mentally ill thus leading to unfair judgment in most of the cases. Case Studies. New Zealand(NZ). In NZ, the people who are found to be not guilty by reason of insanity(NGRI) are released by the courts under special conditions. They undergo treatment, rehabilitation and monitoring by the forensic services on mental health(FMHS) (Jons, 1999). Some of the patients are treated as special cases and can only be released or discharged upon the assent of the minister in charge. This of course, depicts the concern of the public about the risk that is bound to be faced if such people are taken back to the society. The FMHS department has the task of both seeing to it that the patients recover on time and also making sure that the public is protected against such patients. Despite the presence of the FMHS department, there is still the concern about the likelihood of the criminals to go back to the society and cause more crimes and havoc (Peter, 1982, pp. 2). Such cases have not been focused on critically by the FMHS and is becoming a stigma to both the mentally ill and those in the community at large. The acquittees on mental grounds are rehabilitated for a long period of time until such a time when the outcomes are inevitable. Also as a way of treating the patients, the public is to be informed so that their attitude changes in order for there not to be any form of stigma (Peter, 1982, pp. ). A research was carried out by students of a local University on the outcome of the efforts by the FMHS, the patient treatment duration and also looked at the rates at which the criminals are committing crimes after being acquitted. The findings of the research suggested that those offenders who committed major crimes were detained for a long period of time than those who committed less serious offenses. It went ahead to point out that patients were released on the basis of their recovery and not on the duration of time they spent in the hospitals. In England and Wales. In England, there was a scenario in which a person of an adult nature was detained on the grounds of having committed a crime and yet he was mentally ill. The victim had been referred to the hospitals mental rehabilitation unit by one of the courts in England (Finke, 1989, pp. 403). It meant that the doctor who was taking care of him was in charge of renewing his detention period but was not in charge of carrying out medical examinations in case of any challenges arising about the case. An independent doctor would be brought in to carry out the examination in order to avoid biasness. The patient had been classified as one with acute mental disorder and yet in real sense, he was suffering from confusion and a state of disturbance, a condition he developed in his early adulthood (Finke, 1989, pp. 406). Several doctors refused to reclassify him and suggested that he belonged to the mental rehabilitation clinic. A medical officer ones examined the patient and gave contradicting views from those of the other doctors. They then came to an understanding that the patient would be reclassified. Thereafter, several cases of the sort came up but were treated differently from the first one (Finke, 1989, pp. 08). In Australia (Victoria State). It is very clear under section twenty cap one of the crimes Act of nineteen ninety seven that only a person suffering from mental disorder and that he/she is proved to have committed a crime at a time when he was suffering from the illness, can be allowed to used the defense of mental impairment. This meant that the person either committed the crime and was not aware of the quality and nature of the crime or the person was not aware that the conduct and manner with which he/she committed the crime was not right (Finke, 1989, pp. 405). Here in Victoria, if a person is found to be not guilty on the grounds of NGRMI(not guilty by reason of mental impairment, the person is declared to be put under supervision by the court as per part five of the crimes act of nineteen ninety seven or the court declares the person to be unconditionally released. The order may give conditions on the release or may put the defendant in custody. The order is then supposed to be reviewed by the supreme court of justice and by its discretion may order that the person be released. Such reviews are really taking center stage in Victoria. There were a number of attempts aimed at allowing the courts to look for alternative measures to be put in place in order to address the issues of mental impairment. The problem that arose was that the alternatives were planted fully on the courts and not the other organs of government (Capylon, 1984). This led to a situation where there was no significance in the decrease of the number of people who were accused to have committed crimes. The type of system adopted was the Governors pleasure system(GPS) and it was viewed as being unfair by some people. This system could detain someone in custody for a very long period of time and yet the person is genuinely mentally ill (Capylon, 1984). In some cases, the system would propose that the victims be detained in the hospitals for a longer period of time than what was required. It is quite obvious that different people get different treatment in terms of administering verdicts and this is as a result of the type of system being used in Victoria. Some of the cases need a longer period of time on treatment while others require shorter lengths of time. This system does not recognize that. The crimes act, for instance, says that a judge passing a judgment of NGRMI(not guilty by reason of mental impairment), may unconditionally discharge or take an order of supervision (Capylon, 1984). After that, the supervision of the victim is maintained by the court at all times unless otherwise stated. The legislation simply means that its main motive is not to punish the victim but to take care of the safety of the public. In any circumstance, it must be the scenario because the accused has not yet been proved guilty by the courts. Besides, the safety of the victim is also of paramount importance and therefore, care should be taken at any stage of the case in order to avoid further interference with the mental condition of the accused. The courts of appeal and the high courts have time and again deliberated on the issue of dangerousness. The issue is very vital in deciding whether or not a person is supposed to be kept in custody or be taken to the detention facilities. This is thought to present a bone of contention between the different tribunals and organs of law (Capylon, 1984). It goes without saying that the adopted reforms have gone a long way to address the issues of dealing with the mentally impaired and the insane in regard to the type of crime they might have committed and the condition is which they committed the crimes. Such reforms go out of the way to address the difficulties encountered while dealing with the problems brought about by mental insanity. These reforms suggest to some extend that the identified problems be given new solutions with the aim of solving them ones and for all (Feusch, 1980). It is however, very difficult to rule out any possibilities of challenges arising concerning the reforms. Such challenges include researches on the brains functionality and the possibility of studying the behavior of humans. These when done, will be of paramount use when dealing with such issues in the future. The problem of dangerousness predictability is the major worry at hand as it is assumed that the moment a person commits a crime in the first place, he/she is bound to do the same time and again. This of course is a wild goose chase when the NGRMI is applied to such like a situation (Feusch, 1980). This debate has opened a Pandoras box and has made courts to take an approach that is conservative when acquitting the victims who have the ability of causing harm to the community and to themselves in the future. This type of approach goes hand in hand with the high courts principles on sentencing which says that the society should be protected against any form of harm and be given the first priority (Feusch, 1980). One would say that it is in the area of psychology that bigger and greater ideas are to take place. Such advances to some extend will give solutions to the predicaments associated therein. Approaches such as complete treatment of the mental illness using therapy and strong medication are highly recommended. Recommendations. Much efforts should be put in place in order to address the problem of dealing with mental impairment and insanity. Reforms should be made in the existing legislations in order to seal any loopholes that might see some people getting unfair verdicts during judgment as others face the full force of law (Peters, 1982). It is therefore in the best interest of the courts, tribunals and the public at large to spearhead the implementation of such reforms in order for there to be fairness in the way such cases are handled. Proper approaches should be made so that victims acquitted on grounds of mental impairment and insanity are taken care of so that they do not become a menace in the society and to themselves too. Conclusion. It is rather uncalled for that despite the many approaches and advances that have been made in the recent past, no much effort has been put in place to adopt them and implement them cross board. Differences have been witnessed in the manner in which verdicts have been passed in different jurisdictions as it turns out to be unfair in some situations depending on who is being judged. This in itself is a challenge that needs to be addressed and a viable solution be found and effected with adequacy. Further research is needed in this field to address the various problems that are causing ripples in the courts of law and in the judiciary at large. If these are not addressed, there are bound to be a lot of problems in the corridors of law.

Discovering the Things that Make Us Human: Evolution of the Brain :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Discovering the Things that Make Us Human: Evolution of the Brain There is a powerful sentiment among many people that human beings are the most intelligent and complex animals on earth. Our ability to use language is matched by no other species. It makes sense to assume that whichever characteristics of the human brain arent possessed by other animals, specifically primates, our closest evolutionary relatives, are the ones responsible for the acquisition, production, and comprehension of language. As the relatively new field of neuroscience develops, scientists are beginning to study the evolutionary relationships of brain organization and function in an effort to understand the regions of the brain responsible for language, abstract thought, and self-expression. This discipline, known as Paleoneurology, examines the development of the hominid brain (1). Paleoneurology has its roots in the fields of neurology, paleoanthropology, and primatology. There are two methods used by Paleoneurologists to study brain evolution: the examination of fossil sku lls and endocasts, and comparative primate neuroanatomy (2). The study of the evolution of the brain is useful, because it allows for an understanding of the origins of the structural differences between humans and other animals--in effect, what makes us human. According to the fossil record, the first brain structure appeared in reptiles around 500 million years ago. The functions of this hindbrain included breathing, heart beat regulation, balance, basic motor movements, and foraging skills (1). An interesting trend in brain evolution is that more evolved species tend to preserve the structures responsible for basic behaviors. In other words, evolution is the process of acquiring more and more sophisticated structures, not simply the addition of different structures. Therefore, the modern human brain contains the primitive hindbrain region, often called the protereptilin brain (1), and it is the seat of fundamental homeostatic functions. The major structures found in this region of the brain are the Pons and Medulla. About 250 million years after the appearance of the hindbrain, a new region known as the paleomammalian brain arose. This region consists of the hippocampus and cerebellum and is often referred to as the limbic system. As mig ht be expected, this region is associated with more complex functions such as emotional, sexual, and fighting behaviors (1). The newest and most intricate area of the brain, the cerebrum, was first developed around 200 million years ago. The highly convoluted surface of the cerebrum is called the neocortex.